is glutamic acid the same as glutathione Chemical structure of (GSH), a tripeptide made up of The structure of glutathione,-glutamylcysteinyl glycine.

Tan, L., Rong, D., Yang, Y

Clin Cancer Res (2022) 28:270414

Activation of the polyol pathway depletes NADPH, leading to AGEs binding to their receptors on cell surfaces, resulting in oxidative stress, ROS generation, and activation of PKC and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, ultimately promoting TGF- secretion, mesangial cell proliferation, and ECM synthesis, culminating in renal fibrosis [73]

Kern - David A

One option

Mechanistically, the risk is attributed to the pharmacokinetic impact of piperine, which inhibits CYP3A4 and disrupts glucuronidation, increasing systemic curcumin exposure by over 20-fold and potentially converting otherwise safe doses into hepatotoxic levels in susceptible individuals