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Interestingly, despite the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( k = 2.4 10 9 M 1 s 1 ) 36 , the resulting concentration of H 2 O 2 is significantly smaller than the concentration of superoxide, indicating that the model is able to respond well to a transient increase in ROS, maintaining low H 2 O 2 concentrations

What are reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and oxidative stress in skin diseases

J.HehnA.Werck-ReichhartD.et al (2003)

Inflammatory markers such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-18, interferon (IFN)-, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 have been associated with symptom severity [54-56]

Allergy 78(7):18471865

In addition to mitochondrial OxS (as detailed below), there are numerous sources of endogenous OxS (e.g., inflammatory responses) that can be relevant to T2D progression [87]